What HVAC Energy-Efficiency Ratings Mean

Are you contrasting the efficiency ratings of new air conditioning and furnace systems? Perhaps you’re just curious to understand the rating on your existing HVAC equipment. Regardless, you can find the efficiency rating and projected annual operating costs by reading the yellow Energy Guide sticker along the side of the unit. Here’s more information about the multiple ratings you might see and what they mean.

What Is a SEER Rating?

SEER is short for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, a rating of air conditioning efficiency. The SEER rating is a calculation of the cooling output of an air conditioner over an entire cooling season, divided by the volume of energy consumed throughout that time. A higher SEER rating suggests considerably better energy efficiency and lower energy bills.

As of 2023, the minimum SEER rating for the latest air conditioners is 14 SEER in the northern U.S. and 15 SEER in the southern U.S. This is an improvement from the previous minimum requirement of 13 SEER in the north and 14 SEER in the south, that was in effect from 2015 to 2022. This change reflects the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) ongoing efforts to decrease energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Nowadays, high-end air conditioners tout ratings of 26 SEER or higher, offering amazing energy savings. However, impressive SEER ratings typically come with a higher up-front cost. Therefore, you should give some thought to both the initial investment and the prospects for ongoing savings when choosing a new air conditioning unit.

What Is an EER Rating?

Although SEER ratings are more well-known, AC systems have another efficiency measurement you should be aware of. It’s called EER, and it is short for Energy Efficiency Ratio. This rating suggests the effectiveness of an cooling system under specified operating circumstances. The EER rating allows you to understand if the system will support the demand on the hottest summer days.

Currently, only the southwest section of the country has a minimum EER rating of 12.2 EER for residential central air conditioners. Peak ratings top out at about 14 EER. Consider that SEER and EER for the most part correspond, with higher ratings signifying greater overall performance.

What Is an HSPF Rating?

Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratings are metrics that indicate the measurement of the energy efficiency of air-source heat pumps when in heating mode. HSPF is a ratio of the total heat output in British Thermal Units (BTUs) over the heating season to the amount of electricity used in watt-hours. A higher HSPF rating suggests a more efficient heat pump.

The minimum HSPF rating for new heat pumps is 8.8 HSPF, an increase from the previous minimum of 8.2 HSPF. By requiring higher minimum HSPF ratings, the DOE hopes to encourage the use of more energy-efficient heating systems in homes and businesses across the U.S. Settling for less efficiency remains an option, but it’s a good idea to consider a high-end heat pump with a rating of 13 HSPF or higher for the best performance.

What Is an AFUE Rating?

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) ratings are another measure of heating system efficiency, but they apply to furnaces and boilers. AFUE is a percentage of the annual heat output to the fuel utilized during that period. The greater the AFUE rating, the more efficient the heating unit(s).

In 2023, the minimum AFUE rating for new gas furnaces has been modified to 81. Prior to this, the southern regions had a minimum of 80 AFUE, and the northern states required ratings of 90 AFUE or higher. Although there are no laws demanding that you install a system with ratings above the minimum, you’ll save on your energy bills by choosing a furnace rated 95 AFUE or higher.

What Is an ENERGY STAR® Rating?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) established the ENERGY STAR program in the early 1990s to help homeowners and businesses find the most energy-efficient equipment and appliances available. HVAC equipment, appliances, water heaters, light fixtures, office equipment, electronics and building products that have a minimum threshold of efficiency can earn ENERGY STAR certification.

ENERGY STAR-rated products perform well above the minimum specifications to save energy and reduce emissions without compromising performance or features. You can also look for the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient designation, which highlights the leading performers in energy efficiency and innovation. The EPA is presently overhauling the qualification requirements in light of the new minimum HVAC efficiency standards.

Install an Efficient HVAC System

For help determining which HVAC energy-efficiency rating is right for your budget, call Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning. We can review your HVAC challenges and help you make an informed purchase. We have a wide range of products from today’s most popular brands, all of which satisfy or surpass the minimum efficiency requirements for 2023. We’re so convinced that you’ll be happy with our services that we provide a 100% satisfaction guarantee! For more information or to schedule a complimentary HVAC installation estimate, please contact a Service Experts office near you.